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61.
Fatigue crack initiation and damage characterization in Brazilian test specimens for adhesive joints
D. Vicentini A. Crocombe A. Barroso F. París V. Mantič 《Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology》2014,28(14-15):1418-1431
The present study is focused on the fatigue failure initiation at bimaterial corners by means of a configuration based on the Brazilian disc specimens. These specimens were previously used for the generalized fracture toughness determination and prediction of failure in adhesive joints, carried out under static compressive loading. Under static loading, local yielding effects might affect the asymptotic two-dimensional linear elastic stress representation under consideration. Fatigue loading avoids this fact due to the lower load levels used. The present tests were performed using load control; video microscopy and still cameras were used for monitoring initiation and crack growth. The fatigue tests were halted periodically and images of the corner were taken where fatigue damage was anticipated. Damage initiation and subsequent crack growth were observed in some specimens, especially in those which presented brittle failure under static and fatigue tests. These analyses allowed the characterization of damage initiation for a typical bimaterial corner that can be found in composite to aluminium adhesive lap joints. 相似文献
62.
Ljerka Kratofil Krehula Zvonimir Katančić Anita Ptiček Siročić Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić 《木材化学与工艺学杂志》2014,34(1):39-54
Due to the widespread use of wood-plastic composites (WPCs), high-density polyethylene-wood flour composites (HDPE/WF) were studied in order to determine their stability in different application conditions. UV degradation and periodic absorption/desorption of moisture cause damaging changes to material during WPCs’ exterior application, so it is necessary to ensure WPCs’ durability against atmospheric influences. Samples were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to study the degradation after simulated weathering. The degree of water absorption was also determined. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for the determination of composites’ thermal properties. Results show that the stability of the HDPE/WF composites to UV treatment highly depends on stabilizer content and its dispersion in the polymer matrix. Incompatibility of HDPE and wood particles is a major problem that should be solved to achieve good durability and satisfying properties in use. 相似文献
63.
Vilko Mandić Emilija Tkalčec Stanislav Kurajica 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2014,97(7):2264-2271
Monophasic gel with stoichiometric 3Al2O3·2SiO2 composition and gels with 0.99, 1.96, and 2.91 mol% La2O3 added were sol–gel derived. The crystallization path, structure evolution, microstructure, and morphology of calcined premullite powders and sintered ceramic bodies have been investigated as a function of La2O3 content and sintering temperature. In addition to mullite, spinel phase at about 980°C, and α‐alumina at above 1000°C were determined; however, neither La2O3 nor La‐related compounds had crystallized. The La2O3 predominately incorporated into the glassy phase, enhanced with La2O3 level, which affected both mullite structure and composition, as confirmed by electron microscopy, Rietveld structure refinement, determination of unit cell parameters, electron microscopy, and achieved density of the sintered bodies. Increased thermal treatment changes the alumina/silica ratio in mullite (towards 3:2 below 1200°C, and toward 2:1 above), and decreases the mullite/amorphous ratio. Sintered dense ceramic bodies revealed a positive densification effect and increased sinterability as a result of the lanthanum‐induced increase in glassy phase. 相似文献
64.
Yo‐Han Seo Jurij Koruza Andreja Benčan Barbara Malič Jürgen Rödel Kyle G. Webber 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2014,97(5):1582-1588
The influence of second phase zirconia particles on the electrical properties and fracture behavior of various polycrystalline soft Pb(Zr1?xTix)O3 (PZT) compositions was investigated. PZT composites with yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia particles exhibited enhanced crack resistance in comparison to monolithic compositions, regardless of the PZT composition. The addition of zirconia, however, was found to change the PZT composition through the diffusion of zirconium, resulting in variations in the observed piezoelectric and ferroelectric responses. Through the tailoring of the PZT matrix composition, the large electromechanical response and enhanced fracture toughness could be retained. The variation in both small and large signal properties is contrasted to fracture results and crystal structure changes, as determined by X‐ray diffraction. 相似文献
65.
Cold‐pressed Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach) seed oil as a rich source of α‐tocopherol,carotenoids and phenolics: A comparison of the composition and antioxidant activity with nine other plant oils 下载免费PDF全文
66.
The Chemistry and Biology of 6‐Hydroxyceramide,the Youngest Member of the Human Sphingolipid Family 下载免费PDF全文
Andrej Kováčik Dr. Jaroslav Roh Prof. Dr. Kateřina Vávrová 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2014,15(11):1555-1562
Sphingolipids are crucial for the life of the cell. In land‐dwelling mammals, they are equally important outside the cell—in the extracellular space of the skin barrier—because they prevent loss of water. Although a large body of research has elucidated many of the functions of sphingolipids, their extensive structural diversity remains intriguing. A new class of sphingolipids based on 6‐hydroxylated sphingosine has recently been identified in human skin. Abnormal levels of these 6‐hydroxylated ceramides have repeatedly been observed in atopic dermatitis; however, neither the biosynthesis nor the roles of these unique ceramide subclasses have been established in the human body. In this Minireview, we summarize the current knowledge of 6‐hydroxyceramides, including their discovery, structure, stereochemistry, occurrence in healthy and diseased human epidermis, and synthetic approaches to 6‐hydroxysphingosine and related ceramides. 相似文献
67.
Sphinganine‐Like Biogenesis of (E)‐1‐Nitropentadec‐1‐ene in Termite Soldiers of the Genus Prorhinotermes 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Anna Jirošová Dr. Pavel Majer Andrej Jančařík Klára Dolejšová Dr. Richard Tykva Dr. Jan Šobotník Dr. Pavel Jiroš Dr. Robert Hanus 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2014,15(4):533-536
In 1974, (E)‐1‐nitropentadec‐1‐ene, a strong lipophilic contact poison of soldiers of the termite genus Prorhinotermes, was the first‐described insect‐produced nitro compound. However, its biosynthesis remained unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that (E)‐1‐nitropentadec‐1‐ene biosynthesis originates with condensation of amino acids with tetradecanoic acid. By using in vivo experiments with radiolabeled and deuterium‐labeled putative precursors, we show that (E)‐1‐nitropentadec‐1‐ene is synthesized by the soldiers from glycine or L ‐serine and tetradecanoic acid. We propose and discuss three possible biosynthetic pathways. 相似文献
68.
Constant improvements in digital cameras have made it possible to use these devices for colour acquisition and reproduction at an advanced level. It is known that a colour match for all observers when changing illumination can only be achieved by matching spectral data. Obtaining spectral data from digital camera RGB values could provide a new way of using the digital camera as a spectrophotometric tool or as a high‐quality colour‐capturing system that is required in more demanding applications. In the present study, two spectral reflectance estimation methods were examined – the Imai–Berns method (ImaiBerns) and the spectral‐sensitivity‐based method (SpecSens). The purpose of the research was to simplify the procedure of the SpecSens method by using a diffraction grating and a spectroradiometer instead of a monochromator, and to compare the results with those of the ImaiBerns approach. Obtained spectral reflectance estimates were evaluated using the root‐mean‐square error and ?E00 metrics. Results of the research show that the ImaiBerns method was superior to SpecSens, most likely because the former method does not require knowledge of the camera spectral sensitivities, which often introduces errors into reflectance estimation calculations. Both methods were successful in predicting black, brownish, and dark patches, as indicated by a low root‐mean‐square error, as well as unsaturated pastel, pink, or skin colours, which produced low ?E00 values. On the other hand, many of the patches with a low root‐mean‐square error also exhibited high ?E00 values, while bright, nearly‐white patches were characterised by a high root‐mean‐square error. 相似文献
69.
The transformation of fertility and family behaviour in post-socialist countries was quick and the changes were striking. An account of the changes is the subject of dispute and the mechanisms have still not been explained in a fully satisfying manner. Relatively little attention has been paid to the changes in spatial aspects concerning the broadening of changes in family behaviour. The aim of this paper is to answer the question as to whether changes spread stochastically in post-socialist countries or if there are obvious spatial patterns. The study tries to answer the questions whether there are any cores of changes which may be understood as innovations, if there is any spatial clustering and if the extent is hierarchically arranged. 相似文献
70.
Živec Tina Anžur Andreja Verbovšek Timotej 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》2019,78(3):1631-1643
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was performed in tectonically undisturbed flysch in the Elerji quarry (south-west Slovenia), which represents... 相似文献